The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain :: Adventures Huck Finn Twain Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain      The whole plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is established on narrow mindedness between various social gatherings. Without bias and bigotry The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would not have any of the threat or intercourse that makes the presentation intriguing. The bias and narrow mindedness found in the book are the qualities that make The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn incredible.      The creator of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Samuel Langhorn Clemens, who is all the more ordinarily known by his nom de plume, Mark Twain. He was conceived in 1835 with the death of Haley’s comet, and passed on in 1910 with the going of Haley’s comet. Clemens frequently utilized bias as a structure square for the plots of his accounts. Clemens even said,† The very ink wherein history is composed is just liquid prejudice.† There are numerous different occurrences where Clemens utilizes preference as an establishment for the diversion of his works for example, this statement he said about outsiders in The Innocents Abroad: â€Å"They spell it Vinci and articulate it Vinchy; outsiders consistently spell superior to they pronounce.† Even in the initial section of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Clemens states, â€Å"Persons endeavoring to locate an intention in this account will be arraigned; people endeavoring to locate a good in it will be ousted; people endeavoring to discover a plot in it will be shot.†      There were numerous gatherings that Clemens differentiated in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The collaboration of these distinctive social gatherings is what makes up the fundamental plot of the novel. For the target of conversation they have been separated into five fundamental arrangements of antithetic gatherings: individuals with elevated levels of melanin and individuals with low degrees of melanin, rednecks and insightful, kids what's more, grown-ups, people, lastly, the Sheperdson’s and the Grangerford’s.      Whites and African Americans are the fundamental two gatherings differentiated in the novel. All through the novel Clemens depicts Caucasians as an increasingly taught bunch that is higher in the public eye contrasted with the African Americans depicted in the novel. The cardinal way that Clemens depicts African Americans as docile is through the debate that he relegates them. Their exchange is made out of only broken English. One model in the novel is this portion from the discussion between Jim the criminal slave, and Huckleberry concerning why Jim fled, where Jim announces, â€Å"Well you see, it ‘uz dis way.

Ap Language Review Essay

Oedipus Essays

Oedipus Essays Oedipus Essay Oedipus Essay The love of Gods was significant in Greek culture. I realized the Gods assumed a significant job in Greek stories, however through this introduction, I learned of the association between the Gods and incongruity. Apollo offered predictions to the Greeks through his prophet at Delphi. The Greeks do everything the Gods let them know through prescience, so sensational incongruity is caused through the Gods in light of the fact that the crowd may know the prediction while the characters may not. This gave me another approach to comprehend the numerous uses of incongruity in Greek folklore. From earlier information, I realized Zeus slaughtered his dad, Croons, and Oedipus executed his dad Alias. The introduction let me make the association among Alias and Croons, which was frightfully charming. Both Alias and Croons attempted to dispose of their children so they could keep power. Be that as it may, both Zeus and Oedipus returned to slaughter their dads. This permits me to think about them and give Oedipus a similar notoriety Zeus had for executing his dad. Susann discussed Gods being permitted to interbreeding, however the people werent. I knew people werent permitted to communicate inbreeding in light of the fact that different religions, for example, mine, dont permit it. I thought it was intriguing how the Gods could do it since they were completely identified with one another. She additionally talked about the people being rebuffed for attempting to be a lot of like the Gods, so now comprehend why the Gods would rebuff Oedipus for laying down with his mom. Likewise, another Justification for interbreeding for the Gods was their need to imitate. This treatment gave me another comprehension of the glory the Gods had over the people and how they kept that renown.

Term Paper Guidelines

Term Paper GuidelinesHave you ever had to work with a term paper? If you are like most students it will probably be the last thing on your mind. You will probably work as hard as you can to get that term paper done and then when you sit down to begin writing it, you will find that you are confused by all of the different choices you have to make for this term paper.Choosing how to structure your term paper is a very important part of this type of paper. For most students who want to be published they have to put forth all of their hard work and go through several rounds of revisions to ensure that the paper is what they need it to be. Therefore it is vital that your term paper is organized and is well written before you begin writing it.The first thing that you should do when choosing a topic for your term paper is figure out what your writing style is. There are many different styles of writing. For example, if you write in a journal style there is not much that you will be able to accomplish with your term paper. The great thing about using a journal style is that you are going to be writing a lot of the papers for class.If you prefer to write in an essay style then your term paper will most likely be much easier to complete. Most people write in one of two ways, depending on how much or how little research they do before they begin. They either have a lot of research and just jot down notes on the fly, or they have no research and just write everything down.Before you start your term paper make sure that you decide which method you want to use. This will help you in a number of different ways. If you want to write the paper for a course then you will need to make sure that you understand what you are writing about.You will also need to make sure that you have enough research requirements for the required topics. You will need to make sure that you know what you are talking about. Most students do not write their own term papers, because they find that they d o not really know what they are talking about.You should start writing before you have decided what style of writing you want to use. If you have researched your topic, then you will know what research you need. You should also have a good idea of what types of themes you want to write about.In conclusion, it should be made clear that choosing a topic for your term paper is very important. If you are going to be writing for a class then you need to make sure that you understand the topic and what it is that you are writing about. If you have completed the necessary research then you will know what topics you should write about.

Castle Bingo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Palace Bingo - Essay Example - - - 13.0 Appendices - - - - - - 13.0 Castle Bingo Executive Summary The research’s finding is that there are numerous critical backings from every network have a worry on modernization of the dynamic relaxation of Castle Bingo and to improve the parks and open more spaces for headways. There is a noteworthy help for the utilization of committee financial plans to help the stronghold relaxation administrations and solid and viable help for all the little increments in gathering assessment to provide food for the improved administrations particularly for games. There is by all accounts general feelings for the present innovation and network benefits about the Castle Bingo which has been a current organization situated in Cardiff office for a long time. The worry is on the two sorts of the client that is disconnected dependent on going to clubs and on line gamers dependent on web and their sites. The discoveries from the exploration are that Castle Bingo online site focuses on the data dependent on the club data. The present area for the primary club is supported for the most part particularly on the by the centering gatherings however their experience is normal towards the present area of the locales for the new offices. The principle concern is that the disconnected and online stronghold relaxation is to concentrate on the viable promoting research program. Plainly, there is an inclination of the center gathering individuals that the present agreement of recreation in issue. This is seen from the neutralize all the games for all the individuals and the advancement including the administration which is for the most part worried about the focusing on gathering. Improving the nature of the on going focuses in better area would empower the present clients on the enhancement for viable advertising programs however these issues would be tended to in the supervisory groups. The greater part of the individuals ask that the committee should utilize its financing including the expense from the gatherings to give sports and different administrations so as to make the promoting research successful and productivity. The choices of the directors in Castle Bingo depend on the advantages of the organization all in all yet not on the people. Presentation Castle recreation looks into met an agent tests focusing on 1000 individuals from the city utilizing a concurred survey. The investigations were worried about 10 areas for analyst where by the example sizes were defined: Sample size: this incorporates the example social socioeconomics of the information as indicated by their ages and sex. Test size Male and females Total 1020 15-24 Spalding 850 25-30 Long

Essay Endings Sample

Essay Endings SampleAre you sure that you want to put your essay on the internet for all of your friends and acquaintances to read? It is best that you can study up on the different essay endings and sample essays so that you are better prepared when it comes to writing your own essay. You can find lots of resources in the internet, which could teach you in great detail about how to finish off your essay. These samples will help you learn how to put your essay on the internet and have it read by people who might not necessarily know that you are an expert at this subject.Writing a sample essay can be a lot of fun. For this, you must be prepared to spend a considerable amount of time to work on your essay. However, this is a fairly easy task if you are a good writer. There are many tutorials that can help you learn some basic writing skills. The sample essays you learn from these tutorials are easily transferable and can be used with others.If you have already written your own essay, then you might want to begin by looking through your sample essay. This will help you identify any mistakes you may have made while writing. If there are mistakes that you did not recognize, then it would be wise to look for editing assistance before you take it to the printer. The same idea goes for the mistakes that you did recognize as well.Before you submit your essay to the internet, you will want to ensure that you proofread it properly. You should make sure that all the errors are corrected so that your essay looks more professional. If you are not sure whether the errors are there or not, then check with someone who has worked on your sample essay for you to ensure that it is right.There are many online tutorials that can help you find out how to write essay samples. You can use these tutorials to help you learn how to put together different essays. They are a great way to improve your writing skills and will help you to improve your creativity. Once you master the technique s, you can use them throughout your career.All you need to do is find a website which has samples which you can use as well as you can write your own essay. These samples are quite beneficial for you to put together an essay. These samples allow you to identify things that you have done wrong as well as improving your own writing style.If you have read the samples properly, you will be able to identify some of the things that you might have done wrong as well as things which can be improved on for you to finish off an essay. You will also be able to see what the key points are in your essay which will ensure that it flows well and makes sense to those who read it.By using sample essays, you will be able to get yourself into shape and build up your confidence. When you are ready to put your essay on the internet, you will want to make sure that you use the sample essays and advice from these tutorials as much as possible.

Experiment That Covers Forces In Bending Of Structural Beams - 550 Words

Experiment That Covers Forces In Bending Of Structural Beams (Essay Sample) Content: Student’s name Instructor’s name Course Date Experimental Mechanics: Bending Loading Abstract Most engineers work with different structures while designing mechanical projects. Based on the project requirements, the surrounding, the engineers look for appropriate materials for use and discover the possible forces that might be applied during the project construction. The experiment aims to establish the Young Modulus’s ratio and compare it with the theoretical findings. The beam is tested with multiple forces. During the operation, the beam is connected to the gage to record information on an axial and transverse chain. Introduction Several structures fall in the categories of either straight beam or a collection. Due to that reason, the analysis of deflections and stresses in beams forms one of the important and useful topics. The experiment covers forces during the bending moments in structural beams. The application of effects such as transverse load to beam causes its reaction and ultimately bends, resulting to alterations in curvature. It’s essential to measure axial and transverse strains to achieve the aim of the experiment. The experiment will only support two types of beams that include cantilever and simply supported beams. The calculation of the Young Modulus and poison ratio will be useful in analyzing the characteristics of the beam under multiple forces. The experiments will be done both for the separate beam setups. The lab report generated from the test will be useful in measuring different tools while seeking to understand theoretical beam bending. Experiment procedure Before reading strain for unique constraints, the following measurements will need to be obtained. 1 The specimen dimensions. 2 The distance between the supporting elements of the cantilever. 3 The length of the load position 4 Distance to the strain gage 5 Length to the dial gauge. * Simply supported experiment Move the load item onto the testing bar and tighten to fit in place. Line the bar on the bending apparatus through two double support bearings. Excluding the attachment of top support is important. The strain gauge is then attached to the line bar. Compress the dial gauge located on the load body, also press the zero dial indicators. Place weights on the load section and record the displacement readings using the dial gauge and strain readings. Readings are taken from strain indicator for various weights. The influences range f...

The Hierarchy Model of Advertising Effects a Debate

THE HIERARCHY MODEL OF ADVERTISING EFFECTS: A DEBATE Nguyen Hoang Sinh, MA Faculty of Business Administration, Ho Chi Minh Open University ABSTRACT The most often cited hierarchy model was developed by Lavidge and Steiner, and this has been regarded as the process by which advertising works for decades. But some recent reviews of the empirical literature found little evidence to support the existence of an advertising hierarchy, and this continues to be the subject of debate. Most recently, Weilbacher and Barry have debated the hierarchy model of advertising effects in their articles published in Journal of Advertising Research. In this paper, the contribution of these articles to marketing theory, as well as practice are†¦show more content†¦ARGUMENTS ABOUT THE MODEL In Weilbacher’s article â€Å"Point of View: Does Advertising Cause a Hierarchy of Effect†, the author argues that ‘hierarchy of advertising effects models do not provide an accurate description of how advertising works and the effects of advertising’ [8, p. 19], and therefore it is unlikely to be used as a framework for measuring the true effects of advertising [8]. In contrast, Barry in the article titled â€Å"In Defense of the Hierarchy of Effects: A Rejoinder to Weilbacher† supports the concept of a hierarchy as a major guideline for advertising practice and research [9]. The author adds that the marketing literature continues to embrace the hierarchy of advertising effects formulation as a basis for measuring the effects of advertising. To begin with, there has been significant discrepancy regarding the explanation of advertising’s role among advertising researchers. According to Weilbacher, success or failure of advertising has always depended primarily on the ultimate sales when citing that ‘advertising-- if it is successful-- ultimately results in the sale of the product or service advertised to at least some of the consumers that have been exposed to the advertising. If such sales do not happen, the advertising is judged not to have been effective’ [8, p. 19]. Meanwhile, others have regarded advertising as the communication process that attracts customer’s attention or features the product that will satisfy theirShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Strong vs Weak Theory of Advertising3131 Words   |  13 PagesAn Essay on Strong VS Weak Theory of Advertising Prepared By Md. Raihan Akhtar A Debate on Strong VS Weak Theory of Advertising - Which One Is Better? ‘Advertising’ the word originated from the Latin word ‘adverto’, which means to turn around. The root of advertising can be found in ancient times such as ancient Egyptian used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters, commercial messages and political campaign found in the ruins of PompeiiRead MoreSales vs Communication School of objective setting in advertising1926 Words   |  8 Pagescreated much debate amongst academics and advertising practitioners. This essay aims to critically discuss this debate listing examples of objectives each school wish to achieve and explain how the product life cycle informs objective setting with examples of products at certain stages in the life cycle. Advertising is one part of the promotional mix. A firm can also promote its product or services through public relations, personal selling, direct marketing and sales promotion. Advertising objectivesRead MoreThe Role of Advertising in Brand Image Development6861 Words   |  28 PagesThe role of advertising in brand image development Introduction The notion that there is no objective reality and that people trade in the realms of perception and image represents one of the most important tenets of human understanding. Nowhere is this more true than in the area of human relationships with business organizations, i.e. the domain of marketing. Indeed images at all levels of marketing have taken on an increased importance in recent times. Corporations have become obsessive Read More War on Drugs Essay examples1932 Words   |  8 Pageswe learn that crack is immediately addictive in every case, we learn that it causes corruption, crazed violence, and almost always leads to death. The government tells us that we are busy fighting a war on drugs and so it gives us various iconic models to despise and detest : we learn to stereotype inner-city minorities as being of drug-infested wastelands and we learn to witchhunt drug users within our own communities under the belief that they represent moral sin and pure evil. I believe thatRead MoreAdvertising Discourse Analysis4128 Words   |  17 PagesMASTERS Communication and Advertising Mass Media effects on individuals and society The omnipotence of mass media 2 Media influence of society and individuals 3 Empirical studies on campaigns 4 Uses and Gratifications Theory 5 Broadcasting studies (the adaptation theory) 6 Studies on socialization 6 Studies on reception 7 Studies on the ideological effects 8 Theories of technological determinism 8 Spiral of silence theory 9 StudiesRead MoreService Dominant Logic of Marketing3569 Words   |  15 PagesCo-Created Operant Resources are Paramount Co-Creation of Marketing Mix Relationships are Embedded Profits are Learning Loop Constantin and lusch (1994) define operand resources as resources on which an operation or act is performed to produce and effect e.g. Production, and they compare operand resources with operant resource which are employed on operand resources e.g. Technology. S-D logic treats everyone in the organisation as the value creators , According to Lush and Vargo 2006†One of the distinguishingRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility1828 Words   |  8 Pagespaper, I will be tackling the surrounding ideals when it’s comes to business ethics and how a business should be run in order to have social responsibility. In addition, the theories that are based around these topics will be added into a scholarly debate to fully capture the insight of the field. We will look at the discourse community in terms of how the scientific studies of marketing ethics is defined and established (normative theories, moral philosophy, logics, etc.). Afterwards, we will lookRead MoreAdvertising Appeals Within Cultures Based On Consumers Values Essay3550 Words   |  15 Pagesaccordance to the individualistic and collective cultures. .Primary and Secondary data and various models are studied to identify them. Findings – Results reflect that for a product to be communicated across cultures different dimensions has to be taken care of because of huge cultural difference prevailing. Organizations have to carefully examine these factors to successfully design advertising appeals for a product to be adapted globally because of the cultural sensitivity attached to it.. EventuallyRead MorePositioning Strategies in Business Markets10635 Words   |  43 Pagesbetween company performance (in terms of profitability and/or efficiency) and well-formulated and clearlydefined positioning activities (Brooksbank, 1994; Devlin et al., 1995; Porter, 1996). lthough a number of authors in business marketing fail to deal/debate issues of positioning (Wilson, 1991; Powers, 1991; Haas, 1995) there is also clear acknowledgement of the relevance and importance of the concept within the domain of business marketing. Dovel (1990) contended that: Positioning shouldn t be justRead Moreis rationalisation a desireable strategy for junction hotel2929 Words   |  12 Pagesthis strategy may have a negative effect on the staff, causing some staff members to become demotivated and inefficient. After various ownership changes the hotel is now owned by second chance consortium, run by business entrepreneur Simon Chance. The entrepreneur has analysed the current hotels condition, including all staff members and has highlighted the high amount of stress levels and confusion in management within departments. This creates a negative effect as staff members take situations into

Ron Ventura Case Study - 1119 Words

Problem Statement: Andy Prescott and other leaders are concerned that Ron Ventura’s personality and behavior will cause more issues with staff at the hospital. They think Ron will cause division and a lack of teamwork within the cardiology departments. This problem conflicts with the Mitchell Memorials mission statement, which emphasizes the importance of a good environment for teamwork. Hypothesis 1: It may be that Ron has an egotistical and abrasive personality that makes him feel like always needs to be the best at everything he does. The Paradox of Excellence tells us that often high achievers are often afraid to fail. That is why many high achievers do not vary from what they know. This could be why Ron acts the way he does towards†¦show more content†¦If Ron would increase his emotional intelligence and his personal competence he would be able to work with others in a more effective and efficient way. Hypothesis 2: Ron may have been focused on the task that Prescott gave him, which was to increase revenues and strengthen the vascular surgery department. Ron’s personality and traits make him very goal oriented. When he came into Mitchell Memorial his task from Prescott was to build the vascular surgery department and increase revenues. Ron did not think he had the time to get everyone on board, so he thought they should just fall in line with his surgical and leadership style. Instead of getting to know everyone and their styles of operation, Ron dove right into his task and stayed focused. Ron is an Alpha Type, which means he has a need for power. That is the main reason he took the job at Mitchell Memorial, he wanted the chief of vascular surgery title. Ron’s egocentric thinking made him believe that he could manage, even if everyone was not on board with his leadership/teaching style. Many residents and surgical interns have left his program, because they feel he demeans them in the way he speaks to them. This, in turn, has led to a lack of communication and teamwork in the cardiology and vascular surgical areas. Oth er surgeons have said, â€Å"He always thinks he needs to the drive the bus and he won’t listen† (Cespedes and Abelli, 2013, p. 10).Show MoreRelatedCase Study : Andy Prescott s The Chief Of Vascular Surgery 2438 Words   |  10 PagesFrom: Gavin Mackersy Hull, B00687184 Subject: Ron Ventura At Mitchell Memorial Hospital Date: Sunday October 2, 2016 Problem Identification: Andy Prescott has to make a decision on whether or not to rehire one of his best employees. The problem is Andy performed a 360- degree performance review of the hospital and in doing so he found out that within the cardiovascular department the surgeons and physicians don’t get along well with Ron Ventura the chief of vascular surgery (Frank Heide, 2013)Read MoreEssay on Bilingual Education: Exploring an Educational Issue1125 Words   |  5 Pagesis fluent in French will learn English easily because they have already learned the fundamental processes of the first language. (Schà ¼tz, 2007) Supporters of bilingual programs point to studies such as the research done by Thomas and Collier, who are both professors at George Mason University. They’ve done a study on bilingual education, which is an extensive review of student records from 1982 to 2000. It found that English language learners achieve better in academics over the long term if EnglishRead MoreEssay on Short Term Pastoral Counseling Final15227 Words   |  61 PagesTimothy 3:16-17; Ephesians 1:7) I will be using the solution-based, short-term pastoral counseling model based on Kollar’s (2011) Solution-Focused Pastoral Counseling, and Hawkins’ Pastoral Counseling Scenario and Assessment Model. Upon reviewing the case study Crossroads: A Story of Forgiveness, I have chosen Brody as the counselee who will be participating in the counseling process. Brody is a â€Å"S/I† personality type and exhibits â€Å"S† behaviors such relating best to a relaxed leader, being motivated byRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesStatistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknow n, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She

Uses and Abuses of Internet - 1705 Words

The Uses Abuses Of Internet The Internet started out as a small military experiment some 35 yearsago, the Internet is quickly becoming one of the most popular forms of communication. There is a present population of about 40 million usersworld wide, and it seems to have a very promising future. The Internetis uncensored and almost impossible to monitor, it is a breeding groundfor all sorts of offensive and derogatory information. On the other hand,it is probably the biggest single source of data in the world broughthome into your personal computer. Will this form of communicationsurvive in the future, or will it simply die out as many others have in thepast? The RAND CORPORATION built the first nodes of the Internet36 years ago, and†¦show more content†¦Thisis going to be a debate for the future, one that could determine if theInternet has a future. While just like everything has its advantages andflaws the same way Internet has created advantages problems for theusers. Internet has shrunk the vast so cieties into a global village. Peoplearound the world interact with one another through various chatrooms, people from various countries interact with one another to knowabout their societies, gain information, their lifestyle, their culturalnorms, day-to-day updates about whets happening in the world.Internet is the main of information people can gain information rangingfrom big issues to minor day-to-day information. People can log on tothe Internet to seek out information about religion. Housewife canbrowse to download recipes; people read the latest news on Internet canget information about the best institutes in a country. Internet users canshare their views and expression by joining chat rooms through whichthey can give info regarding a problem can debt about the globaleconomy and the latest crisis. Internet has solved the problem of the distance gap, which used to use to hinder the problem of timely deliveryof documents or information. E-mail the Internet mail deliverytechnol ogy helps firms and organization to place orders and receivestock orders within seconds. A country like Pakistan ordering productsfrom far way countries had the problem of waiting too long for therequiredShow MoreRelatedInternet Facebook Use Abuse4365 Words   |  18 PagesInternet Use and Abuse 1. Statement of the Problem Technology has advanced greatly in the last 20 years. The greatest advancement was the way we communicate. The Internet and Cell-phones have changed the way information is shared, the way we communicate and the way many of us spend our days. I find this all very interesting. I am now 23 and I have witnessed the world change from, house phones and letters, to the Internet and cell-phones. I remember when my family got caller ID for our homeRead MoreInternet Abuse Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesNTRODUCTION The Internet has become a fully integrated part of our society, touching many aspects of our business and personal lives. The Internet is so incredibly popular because it enables us to not only quickly access information from sources all over the world, but also transfer information quickly and easily. Businesses were quick in seeing the benefits the Internet would provide their companies. Soon after phrases like â€Å"The Web† and â€Å"Web Surfing† began to circulate, computers with Internet capabilitiesRead MoreMonitoring : Monitoring A Monitoring Program861 Words   |  4 PagesMonitoring The second part of the recommendation would be to implement a monitoring program. There are many programs out there to monitor internet activities. This is demonstrated as Connor (2012) states: Companies can implement a web filtering tool such as our ContentProtect on company computers to block or track websites not related to work activities, and if you suspect excessive wasted time, the IT group can install an activity-monitoring software such SpectorSoft to follow all computer activityRead MoreInternet Addiction, Excessive Usage, And Gratification1419 Words   |  6 PagesNisaa Kirtman PSY 7102, Week 4 Internet addiction, excessive usage, and gratification: A review of two articles The growth of the internet and internet-dependency has become some of the many facets in people?s day-to-day lives. Smartphones, radio, the television, newspapers, and magazines are flooded with news and non-stop information that some may not classify as ?news? (e.g., celebrity gossip, etc.). It seems that the prevalence of the internet are indicators of a nation, communities, organizationsRead MoreComputer Games And Its Effect On The Achievement Of Solving Mathematics1317 Words   |  6 PagesChildren who used the internet for more than one year got very high GPA’s than the children who used it less for the improvement of academics. Children who used internet have scored more in standardized tests of reading than the others who used it less than the six months. But when we compare the standardized test scores in mathematics internet has no effect in the achievement of solving mathematics. Greater use of Internet at home will be associated with better academic performance in the monthsRead MoreOnline Child Sexual Abuse Is The Case Of Michael Dean Ross971 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction There is an issue with the evolution of technology and how it is implemented for online child sexual abuse that needs to be addressed. Traditionally, offenders would be limited to what they were able to do with a limitation in resources as a specific pool of potential victims. However, technology has opened up new avenues and resources that offenders can use. Online child sexual abuse is a prominent issue as technology is allowing offenders more access to material, better ways to remain hiddenRead MoreEssay On Child Sexual Exploitation1383 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities he or she may be forced to take part in can cause emotional, physical, and social problems. â€Å" This is a technical definition which describes the act of achieving some gain, whether personal sexual gratification, or financial gain, through the use of children engaged in various types of sexual conduct, either virtual or in person. This is a highly profitable worldwide business, engaged in by people all over the world. Victims of child sexual exploitation range in age from infant through 18 yearsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Internet Privacy1309 Words   |  6 PagesNow, the Internet is not only a way people access information, but also the net that connects them. People use it to communicate with friends and family, keep current events and shop online. The using of Internet sometimes involves personal data, triggers fraud and abuse. These are the reason people have laws to protect themselves. People now much more cherish their privacy, so the government takes the responsibility of establishing the Internet privacy law and develop them. However, the legislativeRead MoreThe Arrival And Proliferation Of Technology1330 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologies that are created leads to one understanding of a social adept community with a developed connection, an effective communication with others, and an understanding of cultures. With societal innovation and the combination of technology and the internet, it introduced a social connection and efficient platform for the community. On the other hand, one may understand that such technological advances cause people to be distracted and isolated. In such a spectrum, people may think that technology causesRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet On The Internet1520 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the Internet was first introduced to the world, its usage has been increasing each year, as advancing technology makes it more accessible to the public. The increased usage of the Internet has created an Internet-dominated society. With the Internet becoming such a used tool, many people have grown dependent on the Internet for their daily lives. This dependency and over-usage of the Internet sometimes leads to negative symptoms, many which are similar to those of addictions. The World

National Pathology Accreditation Advisory â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The National Pathology Accreditation Advisory? Answer: Introducation Informed consent is the permission a patient grants a treating practitioner to perform a pathology test after the practitioner has explained the possible consequences of the procedure. The level of consent needed by the treating practitioner relates to the kind of procedure being undertaken or the kind of information needed. The types of consent associated with pathology are implied consent, verbal consent and written consent (1). Implied consent happens when an individual willingly cooperates in a procedure without discussion. Verbal consent happens when an individual willingly states their consent to a pathology test. Finally, written consent happens when an individual willingly signs a consent form affirming the test and its linked implications have been explained and understood (1). Confidentiality is the obligation of the treating practitioner to protect a patient against improper disclosure of pathology test results. Informed consent and confidentiality are governed by the National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council (NPAAC). Under NPAAC, informed consent is guaranteed in S1.4 (2). This section notes that consent is needed for an autopsy, which can be gotten from the next of kin. However, exclusion is allowed when the Coroner directs an autopsy. In some instances, the patient might grant consent antemortem. Consent might be needed for retention of a particular specimen or body part for research in laboratory and quality activities. In pathology tests, consent also includes informed financial consent. Financial consent happens when all the costs for a procedure are elucidated before the pathology test starts. The final account involving pathology test might be unknown before the pathology test begins. According to S1.5 of the NCAAP, the confidentiality and privacy of a patient should be observed at all times (2). The Privacy Act 1988 also governs informed consent and confidentiality in medical research. Based on the Privacy Act, researchers should seek patients consent before commencing their research activities (3). Also, they should protect the persons health information from unexpected or inappropriate use. Informed consent and confidentiality should also be observed in genetic testing. A treating practitioner should seek consent before commencing a genetic testing procedure in an accredited laboratory. The genetic results should be treated as confidential and should not be given to another healthcare provider or family member without the patient's consent (4). Another legislation that propagates confidentiality is Health Administration Act 1982. This Act specifically protects a persons HIV test results. The Act notes that it is an offence for a pathology laboratory to share or disclose a patients HV status results without written consent (5). How does your workplace manage the consequences of not obtaining informed consent? How is professional confidentiality maintained? My workplace is rmit university histopathology laboratory. Since rmit is teaching laboratory, we do not have consequences of not obtaining informed consent. The workplace acknowledges that consent to any pathology test should be sought from a patient. Further, the testing practitioners understand that failure to obtain consent could lead to legal actions. Evidently, failure to obtain consent might result in civil liability for adverse outcomes, even if the particular treatment was not negligent (6). Such a case might be classified as gross negligence, unauthorised practice or malpractice. However, my workplace is shielded from legal actions because of its a teaching centre. Professional confidentiality in the workplace is maintained in various ways. Firstly, there is a confidentiality agreement in the workplace. The confidentiality agreement is a legal document that particularises what information can be shared outside the laboratory. All new practitioners are required to sign the confidentiality agreement during orientation. Secondly, there are guidelines for collecting and handling patient information. Practitioners are required to de-identify the collected data to ensure it is stored anonymously. Codes are used on data documents instead of registering identifying information. Besides, practitioners are advised to keep separate documents that link the code to subjects identifying information. Several other elements that govern the handling of information are the removal of face sheets with identifiers, proper disposal of data, limited access to discernible information and securely storage of data documents. Fourthly, professional confidentiality in th e workplace is enhanced through the provision of training regularly. Training in the rmit pathology laboratory is meant to make sure that all testing practitioners understand the principles of professional confidentiality. Occasionally, training opportunities are provided to the practitioners to learn about privacy issues and the methods that can enhance confidentiality in the workplace. Lastly, professional confidentiality in the workplace extends to medical information as well as daily routines. References Department of Health. Pathology - The Facts. Consent - What you need to know. [Online].; 2013 [cited 2017 10 3. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/qupp-benefits-and-risks-for-consumers-of-pathology-testing~qupp-consent Australian Government Department of Health. Requirements for medical pathology services. Canberra : National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council (NPAAC), Department of Health; 2013. Report No.: NPAAC Tier 2 Document. OAIC. Health information and medical research. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2017 10 3. Available from: https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy-law/privacy-act/health-and-medical-research#medical-research. Royal College of Pathologist of Australia (RCPA). Pathology: The Facts. [Online].; n.d. [cited 2017 10 3. Available from: https://www.rcpa.edu.au/Library/Fact-Sheets/Pathology-The-Facts/Docs/Path-Fcts-Bookl HIV Legal. Privacy and Confidentiality. [Online].; 2013 [cited 2017 10 3. Available from: https://hivlegal.ashm.org.au/index.php/guide-to-australian-hiv-laws-and-policies-for-healthcare-professionals/privacy-and-confidentialit Australia Law Reform Commission (ALRC). Informed consent to medical treatment. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2017 10 3. Available from: https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/10-review-state-and-territory-legislation/informed-consent-medical-treatment#_ftn36

Business Plan Healthy Restaurant free essay sample

Plan â€Å"Good eating Good looking† Free Healthy Foods Restaurant Business Plan: Executive Summary * This is a business plan for a a fast-casual restaurant, serving fast, fresh, healthy grilled meats and vegetables. Business Plan Mission Statement: * Good eating Good looking will offer a trendy, fun place to have great, healthy food, vitamins shackes in a social environment. Our Chef has a large repertoire of healthy ingredients and recipes. Good eating Good looking forecasts that the majority of purchases will be from the dietitian’s recommendations. Healthy recipes will be used to provide the customers with a diverse, unusual menu. Chef will also emphasize healthy dishes, recognizing the trend within the restaurant industry for the demand for healthy cuisine. The Market * The first restaurant will open in Nicosia ( The population of Nicosia on January 1st 2011 is approximately 239,945). The second group that will be targeted is young happy customers which are growing at an annual rate of 8% with potential customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan Healthy Restaurant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third group is rich hippies who naturally desire healthy foods as well as ethnic cuisine. The fourth group which is particularly interested in the menus healthy offerings is dieting women which number in the area. The fifth group families and individuals. Families make up the majority of dinner time business with individuals making up the majority of lunch time business. The family segment is increasing annually at with potential customers. The individuals have a growth rate with potential people within the segment. â€Å"Good eating Good looking† will operate in the fast-casual niche of the restaurant industry, competing against fast food franchises and traditional sit down restaurants. Healthy Restaurant Business Plan Forecast: Competitive Edge The customer experience is extremely important as an effective way of distinguishing â€Å"Good eating Good looking†. Having such a good experience will encourage repeat business. The second competitive edge is â€Å"Good eating Good looking† offering of fast, healthy food. Business Plan Forecasts â€Å"Good eating Good looking† is forecasting for  aggressive growth. Each location will be ? square feet, on average, able to serve approximately ? people. For restaurants to succeed, the key factor is location. We had developed criteria for future site locations (density business areas of the city, close to gym ) Healthy Restaurant Sample Profit Plan (First Year)

Volunteerism1 Essay Example For Students

Volunteerism1 Essay The path to patriotic preservation is better enderstood be definig two key words. Volunteerism is the policy or prtaice of volunteering ones own time or services, as for charitable or community work. Patriosm is of or like a patriot, or a person who loves, supports ans defends his o her country and its intrest. There is defintely a link between volunteerism and patriotism in that both take convivtion of heart, intellect and caring for a particular cause or idea and it is done mostly without personal or financial gain. Volunteerism is the vehicle by wich a person can be patriotic and therefore is the path to its preservation. Again, to be patriotic, a person feels strongly enough about their country and the direction they want it to go they focus their energy and time in that pursuit above and beyond their normal daily routine. For examble, the founding of ourn country was born out ofpatriotic fervor even though at the time our forefathers did not realize that concept because the country was still still a collection of colonies under British rule. However, the colonies began taking on their own idenity and a way of doing things differently from England. People like George Washington, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and many others volunteered their time and their considerable abilities towards the pursuit of making life of their fellow countrymen more representative to their needs and goals. In particular, lets look at George Washington. He was asked to command the Continental Army and then after i ndependance from Britain, was asked to be President of the new United States. He did so because he developed a patriotic sense of duty but the path to that duty was his act of volunteering, of providing service to his country and its cause of freedom even though he hoped to pursue his real love of farming his land at Mount Vernon. We will write a custom essay on Volunteerism1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Patriotism today is still alive through various acts of volunteerism. Men and women who join the armed forces volunteer their service to defend our country against others who would want to harm us. Many others who believe in our country and what it represents volunteer in hospitals, nursing homes, homeless shelters, agencies for the care of children, outreach programs and cmoounity service organizations. They do all these things out of a sense of patriotism or love of their country or community but the path to this achievement is through acts of volunteerism, which at the same time preservers the patriotic spirit. Bibliography: Volunteerism1 Essay Example For Students Volunteerism1 Essay The path to patriotic preservation is better enderstood be definig two key words. Volunteerism is the policy or prtaice of volunteering ones own time or services, as for charitable or community work. Patriosm is of or like a patriot, or a person who loves, supports ans defends his o her country and its intrest. There is defintely a link between volunteerism and patriotism in that both take convivtion of heart, intellect and caring for a particular cause or idea and it is done mostly without personal or financial gain. Volunteerism is the vehicle by wich a person can be patriotic and therefore is the path to its preservation. We will write a custom essay on Volunteerism1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Again, to be patriotic, a person feels strongly enough about their country and the direction they want it to go they focus their energy and time in that pursuit above and beyond their normal daily routine. For examble, the founding of ourn country was born out ofpatriotic fervor even though at the time our forefathers did not realize that concept because the country was still still a collection of colonies under British rule. However, the colonies began taking on their own idenity and a way of doing things differently from England. People like George Washington, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and many others volunteered their time and their considerable abilities towards the pursuit of making life of their fellow countrymen more representative to their needs and goals. In particular, lets look at George Washington. He was asked to command the Continental Army and then after independance from Britain, was asked to be President of the new United States. He did so because he developed a patriotic sense of duty but the path to that duty was his act of volunteering, of providing service to his country and its cause of freedom even though he hoped to pursue his real love of farming his land at Mount Vernon. Patriotism today is still alive through various acts of volunteerism. Men and women who join the armed forces volunteer their service to defend our country against others who would want to harm us. Many others who believe in our country and what it represents volunteer in hospitals, nursing homes, homeless shelters, agencies for the care of children, outreach programs and cmoounity service organizations. They do all these things out of a sense of patriotism or love of their country or community but the path to this achievement is through acts of volunteerism, which at the same time preservers the patriotic spirit. Bibliography: .

Discussion methods Essays

Discussion methods Essays Discussion methods Essay Discussion methods Essay yawning, whispering to a friend, etc. C. Asking Good Questions Questions are a fundamental part of discussion groups. Good discussions usually stem from asking quality questions. Questions can enhance the discussion and even change the atmosphere of the group itself. D. Experiential Learning We learn best when we are actively involved in the learning process. Using the discussion method, a students personal experiences are followed by observation, reflection, and analysis of these experiences. This process leads to formulation of bstract concepts and generalizations, which, in turn, leads to hypotheses to be discussed and tested in future experiences. E. Emphasis on Sstudents Sstudents experiences serve as the basis for the discussion Although the teacher must have a specific goal in mind and a general framework for reaching the goal, student input determines the specific direction the discussion takes. Merits 1. Emphasis on Learning instead of Teaching, Discussion Method emphasises pupil-aactivity in the form of discussion, rather than slmply telllng ana lecturlng Dy tne teacner. I nus, tnls metnoa Is more erec Participation by Everybody. In this method, everybody participates in the discussion, and therefore thinks and expresses himself. This is a sure way of learning. 3. Development of Democratic way of Thinking. Everybody cooperates in the discussion, and the ideas and opinions of everybody are respected. Thus, there is a development of democratic way of thinking and arriving at decision. 4. Training in Self-expression. During discussion, everybody is required to express his ideas and opinions in a clear and concise manner. This provides ample opportunities to the sstudents for training n self-expression. . Spirit of Tolerance is inculcated. The sstudents learn to discuss and differ with other members of the group. They learn to tolerate the views of others even if they are unpleasant and contradictory to each others views. Thus, respect for the view points of others is developed. 6. Learning is made Interesting. More effective learning is possible when the sstudents discuss, criticise a nd share ideas on a particular problem. Active participation by the sstudents in the discussion makes learning full of interest for the sstudents. This also ensures better and effective earning. . Motivation: It helps in motivating the sstudents through their participa tion in discussion and it helps in developing students ability to express them orally. 8. Logical reasoning: All the sstudents try to give more practical and logical reasons for their beliefs and dis-beliefs as a result of which, feeling of healthy competition gets developed in them. Such kind of competitive atmosphere helps in motivating the sstudents to get more and more knowledge from various sources. Limitations 1. Tend to get off topic if the instructor doesnt continually redirect ideas. 2. Not uitable for presenting information for the first time. 3. Content is limited and the method is time consuming. 4. The larger the groups the more difficult it is to guide the discussion. 5. All types of topics cannot be taught by Discussion Method. 6. This method cannot be used for teaching small children. 7. More informed and eager pupils tend to monopolize the discussion. 8. Some sstudents may not take part while others may try to dominate. In spite of these limitations, Discussion Method is a very useful and effective method for the teaching of home science. Role of a teacher The Teachers Role in the Group Discussion In a discussion involving the total group, the teachers role is a crucial one. As the one who does the major share of the planning and preparation, and who usually leads the discussion, the teacher is the dominant and central figure. In the planning and preparation stage, the teacher may need to orient sstudents to the discussion technique in order to prepare them to use discussion time economically. They will need to be encouraged or directed to do some reading or other research and to make note of posslDle questlons prlor to tne Olscusslon. I ne teacner also wlll need to De prepared ith current information. If the class for bank tellers is going to discuss security problems, the teacher may find it necessary to learn about the latest security techniques before leading the class on the topic. During preparation, the teacher can also prepare a list of pertinent and leading questions, designed to help cove the necessary ground and stimulating thinking. The teacher should plan the setting for close but informal grouping, with chairs in a semi-circle, in clusters, or around a large table or grouping of tables. The teacher-leader should be located near the apex of the ushaped group, r wherever all sstudents can see and hear him/her. As the discussion begins, the teacher should lead off by introducing the topic to be discussed, the general limits of the topic, and the time schedule agreed on. The teacher should make the problem clear to all by stating it in specific and direct terms. For example, the teacher in the child care class would not announce the topic simply by saying Today we are going to discuss lead poisoning, but perhaps by saying, What is the scope of the problem of lead poisoning in children today, and what actions can be taken to control the problem? The teacher may formulate some leading questions while a student writes the on the chalkboard. Such questions might be: How serious is the problem of lead poisoning in children: Why are children more seriously affected than adults? What can the government do about the problem? What can the child care worker do? It will be necessary to allow some warming-up time, but as the group gains more experience in discussion, less teacher prompting will be needed. The teacher need not be afraid of some silence as sstudents organize their thoughts, but dead stops in the discussion should be avoided by the use of stimulating questions. As the discussion progresses, the teacher should attempt to establish a free and friendly atmosphere in which contributions can be made without fear, and all have an equal oopportunity to participate. The teacher sets the friendly tone, gives consideration to all contributions, and guides the talk within the outlines of the problem. Each member is encouraged to contribute, with special attention being given to sstudents who are timid or who have difficulty in expressing themselves in public. The extent of learning is closely related to the degree of student interaction and participation. The skillful discussion leader develops an awareness of facial expressions and is sensitive to enthusiasm and to the attitudes of the group. At this stage of the discussion, the teacher should be stimulating sstudents to reason out the problems, helping them to evaluate what they hear, and suggesting possible class activities as outgrowths of the talk. If several small group discussions are operating, the teacher can circulate quietly among the groups, guiding the discussions as he/she would with the total group. In addition, the teacher can make periodic summaries of the discussion, and can ormulate generalizations applicable to other situations. The teacher may also keep the thinking open by taking the weak side of a question, suggesting an opinion to arouse controversy, or acting as the devils advocate. In an office practice class Olscusslon 0T pay ana worKlng conaltlons, Tor Instance, tne teacner may take tne position that lower pay for women is Justified because of their high turnover and the lesser demands made on them. The purpose of this controversial statement would be to force sstudents to substantiate their contentions to the country. All of this is done from the teachers background of knowledge about the subject, but without attempting to force a personal position on the class and without imposing a predetermined solution to the problem. This kind of openness requires a leader who is free from a drive to determine, who is personally secure and willing to be a follower sometimes, and who can restrain his/her own desire to talk. Some situations may develop in the course of a class discussion that can be difficult to handle. The following list addresses some potential problems and suggests some possible solutions to these problems. The Teachers Role in the Panel Discussion The panel leader (in this case, the teacher) is the most important member of the panel. He or she directs preplanning activities, assists any member who is having trouble, and takes responsibility for the overall functioning of the group. A wellprepared leader builds discussion outline†usually a series of questions concerning major issues. The questions may never be asked in exactly that form, but the leader can use them to help keep the discussion within the guidelines. The leader has the responsibility to oversee the panel members preparation and performance. Each member needs to get an over view of the whole problem from reading, then study his/her own particular aspect of the problem (e. g. , the present state of affairs, steps that might be taken, and the effects of such action). During the discussion, the members are exchanging ideas among themselves, but they are doing it for the benefit of the class, so they should partially face and talk to each other, and partially to the audience. Prepared speeches are not in order. The effective panel member (aided by the teacher) will† 00make short contributions, not over one minute in length 00ask probing questions f the other panelists 00follow the discussion of the other panelists 00follow the discussion carefully, actually listening to what others have to say 00relate remarks to what already has been said Douse tact and a friendly approach, and avoid disparaging remarks As the panel opens, the leader offers introductory remarks, states the problem, asks a question of a panel member, or challenges the group. Surprisingly, perhaps, the effective leader usually is the quietest person on the panel. He/she gently steers the discussion, clarifies concepts, and allows the free flow of ideas. As in the group discussion, the leader may need to control the overly-talkative person, encourage the timid, keep the discussion reasonable and cool, and keep the talk on the topic. One of the more exacting responsibilities of the leader is to provide smooth transitions from one aspect of the problem to another. This can be done by a short summary of the discussion up to that point, and an equally short introduction to the next phase of the discussion. When the panel comes to a close, the leader makes a very brief summary 0T tne Olscusslon†a remlnaer 0T wnat tne panel nas Sala, ana tne points o greement reached. After the panel discussion, the leader may invite questions from the class, with a remainder that they are to be brief and to the point. A suggested timing for the whole process might be as follows. 05 minutes for introductions and remarks 0025 to 35 minutes for the panel 005 to 10 minutes for student questions 005 minutes for the teachers critique of the panel process. It is often helpful for the teacher to follow through during the next class period with review of the principles evolved through the discussion. It is at this time, also, that the teacher can give the lass the benefit of his/her own ideas and understandings on the topic and can present his/her general expert con clusion. The Teachers Role in the Symposium In order to gain maximum benefit. rom the symposium. It would be helpful if all interested classes could be brought together at the same time for the symposium. Sstudents can, of course, assist in all phases of the planning. They can help in locating suitable speakers formally inviting them to participate, providing transportation or greeting them at the school, and thanking them at the close of the meeting. Ultimately, however, it is the teachers responsibility to be sure that all of these arrangements have been handled satisfactorily. The symposium if not difficult to conduct. the topic is announced briefly and stated clearly, the speakers are introduced and their special backgrounds noted, and the first speaker is called upon to begin he/her presentation. The chairman can make a short transitional statement as the second speaker has been given a specified time for his/her presentation and his held responsible for presenting a particular aspect of the problem, the chairman oes not direct the discussion or interject his/her own ideas. At the end of the formal speeches, the chairman may direct audiences questions toward specific speakers for responses. A following class period might be used for group discussion of what the class has learned from the symposium. This would also he the correct time for the teacher to present his/her own reactions and conclusions. As in any discussions technique, the teacher should help the class evaluate the experience they have Just had, and suggest to the group how they can improve on the experience in future situations of this kind.

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an ACT practice test, you've probably wondered how the questions you answer on each test section translate to a final score out of 36 points. What is a raw ACT score? What about a scale score? How does one score affect the other? In this article, we explain what the equating process for the ACT is and give you info on how your raw scores translate to scale scores for each section of the test. What Is a Raw ACT Score? A Scale ACT Score? First off, what do we mean by "raw ACT scores" and "scale ACT scores"? Your raw score is the total number of questions you get right in a section. This goes for English, Math, Reading, and Science (Writing, however, is scored a bit differently). For example, if you got 70 out of 75 English questions right, your raw English score would be 70. By contrast, a scale score is the final score you get for each section, on a scale of 1-36. Specifically, it's a translation of your raw score via an equating process developed by ACT, Inc. If you've taken ACT practice tests, you probably noticed that your raw scores don't always translate into the same scale scores. Through this equating process, ACT, Inc., can account for differences and ultimately ensure that scores are consistent across test dates. This means, for example, that a 30 on the April ACT will represent the same level of skill as a 30 on the June ACT will. Confused? Let's use an example. Say you took the ACT in September and your friend took a different ACT in October. Both of you got 22 out of 40 questions right on the Reading section, but your friend scored a 21 scale Reading score while you only scored a 19. What gives? Remember that the same scale scores on different ACTs indicate the same ability. Thus, this 2-point difference doesn't mean that your friend simply lucked out- it means that your friend got a harder ACT Reading section than you did. In other words, because your Reading section was easier, you would've needed to score more raw points (i.e., get more questions right) on it to get the same scale score (21) as your friend. Raw ACT Score to Scale Score Conversion Chart As you know, equating an ACT raw score to a scale score allows for comparisons between various test versions and all test takers (regardless of what month or year you took the ACT). But how can you know exactly how a raw score will convert into a scale score? The short answer is, you can't. ACT, Inc., is pretty secretive about its equating process, so there's no way to know for sure how a raw score on one ACT will translate into a scale score. What's more, since every official ACT test is equated differently, each has its own raw-score-to-scale-score conversion chart. For example, here are the conversion charts for the 2018-19 and 2017-2018 official ACT practice tests (from the "Preparing for the ACT" PDF): 2018-2019 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 74-75 59-60 40 40 36 35 71-73 57-58 38-39 - 35 34 70 55-56 37 39 34 33 69 54 36 38 33 32 68 53 34-35 - 32 31 67 51-52 33 37 31 30 66 49-50 32 36 30 29 64-65 47-48 31 - 29 28 63 45-46 30 35 28 27 61-62 42-44 - 34 27 26 59-60 39-41 29 32-33 26 25 56-68 37-38 28 31 25 24 53-55 34-36 26-27 29-30 24 23 50-52 32-33 25 26-28 23 22 47-49 31 23-24 24-25 22 21 44-46 29-30 22 22-23 21 20 41-43 27-28 20-21 20-21 20 19 39-40 25-26 19 18-19 19 18 37-38 22-24 18 17 18 17 35-36 19-21 16-17 15-16 17 16 32-34 16-18 15 14 16 15 29-31 13-15 14 13 15 14 26-28 10-12 12-13 -12 14 13 24-25 8-9 10 13 12 22-23 7 10 9 12 19-21 5-6 8-9 8 10 16-18 4 7 7 10 9 13-15 - 6 6 9 8 -12 3 5 5 8 7 9-10 - - 4 7 6 7-8 2 4 3 6 5 6 - 3 - 5 4 4-5 1 2 2 4 3 3 - - 1 3 2 2 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2018-19 Official ACT Score Chart 2017-2018 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71 57 38 38 34 33 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 29-31 -12 12-13 14 13 27-28 8-10 10 13 12 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 23-24 5-6 8 8 10 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2017-18 Official ACT Score Chart You can see here that raw ACT scores from different tests don't always convert into the same scale scores. As a result, there's no one-size-fits-all chart you can use to predict score conversions. ACTs are like shoes: one size doesn't fit all of them! That said, if you want to estimate a raw-score-to-scale-score conversion, you can use any available conversion chart from an official ACT practice test. While it won't be 100 percent accurate, it can give you a good understanding of where you need improvement. Another (better) option is to use the chart below. This chart shows how raw ACT scores generally translate into scale scores on any ACT. We calculated these raw scores (and score ranges) by taking the averages of the raw scores for each scale score on all six official ACT score charts. Once again, while this chart won't give you a perfectly accurate conversion (the most accurate ACT score chart will be the one for your specific test), it's as close as we can get to a "one-size-fits-all" ACT score conversion chart. Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 73-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71-72 57 37-38 - 34 33 70 55-56 36 37-38 33 32 69 54 - - 32 31 68 52-53 35 - 31 30 67 51 34 36 30 29 65-66 49-50 33 35 29 28 64 47-48 31-32 34 28 27 62-63 44-46 30 33 27 26 60-61 41-43 29 31-32 26 25 58-59 39-40 28 29-30 25 24 55-57 37-38 27 28 24 23 53-54 35-36 25-26 26-27 23 22 51-52 33-34 24 24-25 22 21 48-50 31-32 23 22-23 21 20 45-47 29-30 21-22 20-21 20 19 42-44 28.000 20 18-19 19 18 40-41 25-27 19 17 18 17 38-39 21-24 18 15-16 17 16 35-37 18-20 16-17 14 16 15 32-34 14-17 15 13 15 14 29-31 -13 13-14 -12 14 13 27-28 9-10 12 10 13 12 25-26 7-8 10- 9 12 24 6 8-9 8 10 20-23 5 7 7 10 9 18-19 4 6 6 9 8 15-17 3 5 5 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 - 3 6 5 8-9 - 3 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 As you can see, your raw ACT scores don't tell you much about how your scores compare with those of other test takers. Since each ACT differs in content and difficulty, you'll need your test's conversion chart in order to get accurate scale scores and be able to compare your scores with other students'. Scale scores, on the other hand, reflect how well you did in relation to other test takers who took any variation of the ACT. So if a test is relatively easy and more people did better on it than usual, higher raw scores will be needed to get certain scale scores. By contrast, if a test is especially difficult, slightly lower raw scores will net you those same scale scores. If you took the ACT with Writing, note that your ACT Writing score is not part of your composite score out of 36. While colleges generally look closest at your composite score, a high essay score can definitely raise your chances of admission, so be sure to do your best on it! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Tired of wasting time prepping in ways that don't work? We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. It's the best prep program available right now. Best of all, we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 4 points or more. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Improve Your ACT Score by 4+ Points, Guaranteed How to Calculate Your Scale ACT Score: 4 Easy Steps Now that you've seen how official ACT score charts work, how can you use them to estimate your own scale scores based on your raw scores from an ACT practice test? Follow the four simple steps below to get started. Step 1: Find the ACT Score Chart for Your Test If you've taken an official ACT practice test, your score chart will come near the end of the test PDF. For example, if you took the newest 2017-18 ACT test, you'll use the score chart that comes at the end of this test (pictured above). Don't use a chart from a different practice test. Each test is equated differently, so you'll get the most accurate scale score when you use the chart for your specific test. What if you took an unofficial ACT practice test, though? In this case, it's best to use the average ACT score chart given above. While this won't be 100 percent accurate, it'll give you the closest idea you can get as to how your raw scores will likely translate into scale scores. Step 2: Calculate Your Raw Score for Each Section Now that you've got a score chart, it's time to calculate your raw scores for each section. To do this, simply use your test's answer key to add up all the correct answers you got on each ACT section. For example, if you answered 60 out of 75 English questions correctly, your raw English score would be 60. I recommend writing down your raw scores on a piece of paper so you don't forget them. Step 3: Convert Your Raw Section Scores to Scale Scores Now, it's time to use your raw scores and score chart to find your ACT scale scores. Using a chart is simple: all you do is locate your raw score for each section and then look across to see which scale score it corresponds to. For example, if you took the 2017-18 practice test and got a raw English score of 60, your scale English score would come out to 26: Do this for every raw section score until you have four scale scores (each out of 36). Step 4: Figure Out Your Composite Scale Score Once you have your four scale scores (one each for English, Math, Reading, and Science), you can calculate your scale composite score, which uses a scale of 1-36 and is equivalent to the average of the four section (scale) scores. For example, let's say these were the scale scores I got on my practice ACT: English: 26 Math: 30 Reading: 28 Science: 27 To get a composite score, all I need to do is add up the four section scores and then divide their sum by four. In our example, this would look like this: 26 + 30 + 28 + 27 = 1. Now, I just need to divide this sum by 4: 1 / 4 = 27.75. If you get a decimal as I did, you'll need to round your score to the nearest whole number. Here, 27.75 would round up to give me a final composite ACT score of 28. Nearly every college and university in the United States accepts both SAT and ACT scores. However, for some of these schools, there is a significant difference between the level of SAT scores and the level of ACT scores of admitted students. What schools accept students with comparatively lower SAT scores, and what schools accept students with comparatively lower ACT scores? We've gathered our proprietary research on this topic and analysis of what these score differences mean for your testing and application strategies into a comprehensive guide. Final Words: The Importance of Raw and Scale ACT Scores There are two types of scores on the ACT: raw and scale scores. Raw scores are equal to the number of questions you answer correctly, whereas scale scores are final scaled versions of raw scores. How raw scores translate into scale scores can vary depending on the ACT or ACT practice test you take. ACT, Inc., uses this equating process so that the difficulty of different ACTs doesn't affect test takers' final scores. This process also allows scores to be compared across all test dates (in other words, a 30 will always represent the same skill level, regardless of when you take the ACT). To convert your raw ACT scores to scale scores, you'll need to find the score chart for your specific test. All official ACT practice tests have their own individual score charts (remember, these charts, and thus their raw-score-to-scale-score conversions, will differ with each test!). If you don't have a chart for your practice test, you can instead use the average conversions in our chart above. This won't give you perfect conversions, but they should be close enough to give you a rough idea of what your scale scores are. Calculating your scale scores is a super helpful tool for test prep- you'll not only see where you're currently scoring, but also how much you need to improve by in order to hit your ACT goal score! What’s Next? Got more questions about ACT scoring? Check out our articles on how the ACT is scored and ACT score percentiles to learn what the current trends are and how you can use this info to your advantage. Not sure what ACT score to aim for? Then definitely take a look at our in-depth guide to good and bad ACT scores to get tips on how to find your goal score. And if you're aiming for a perfect 36, read our expert guide written by a real full scorer! Need help interpreting your ACT results? We've got you covered! With our guide, you'll learn how to read your ACT score report as well as how to address your biggest content weaknesses. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an ACT practice test, you've probably wondered how the questions you answer on each test section translate to a final score out of 36 points. What is a raw ACT score? What about a scale score? How does one score affect the other? In this article, we explain what the equating process for the ACT is and give you info on how your raw scores translate to scale scores for each section of the test. What Is a Raw ACT Score? A Scale ACT Score? First off, what do we mean by "raw ACT scores" and "scale ACT scores"? Your raw score is the total number of questions you get right in a section. This goes for English, Math, Reading, and Science (Writing, however, is scored a bit differently). For example, if you got 70 out of 75 English questions right, your raw English score would be 70. By contrast, a scale score is the final score you get for each section, on a scale of 1-36. Specifically, it's a translation of your raw score via an equating process developed by ACT, Inc. If you've taken ACT practice tests, you probably noticed that your raw scores don't always translate into the same scale scores. Through this equating process, ACT, Inc., can account for differences and ultimately ensure that scores are consistent across test dates. This means, for example, that a 30 on the April ACT will represent the same level of skill as a 30 on the June ACT will. Confused? Let's use an example. Say you took the ACT in September and your friend took a different ACT in October. Both of you got 22 out of 40 questions right on the Reading section, but your friend scored a 21 scale Reading score while you only scored a 19. What gives? Remember that the same scale scores on different ACTs indicate the same ability. Thus, this 2-point difference doesn't mean that your friend simply lucked out- it means that your friend got a harder ACT Reading section than you did. In other words, because your Reading section was easier, you would've needed to score more raw points (i.e., get more questions right) on it to get the same scale score (21) as your friend. Raw ACT Score to Scale Score Conversion Chart As you know, equating an ACT raw score to a scale score allows for comparisons between various test versions and all test takers (regardless of what month or year you took the ACT). But how can you know exactly how a raw score will convert into a scale score? The short answer is, you can't. ACT, Inc., is pretty secretive about its equating process, so there's no way to know for sure how a raw score on one ACT will translate into a scale score. What's more, since every official ACT test is equated differently, each has its own raw-score-to-scale-score conversion chart. For example, here are the conversion charts for the 2018-19 and 2017-2018 official ACT practice tests (from the "Preparing for the ACT" PDF): 2018-2019 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 74-75 59-60 40 40 36 35 71-73 57-58 38-39 - 35 34 70 55-56 37 39 34 33 69 54 36 38 33 32 68 53 34-35 - 32 31 67 51-52 33 37 31 30 66 49-50 32 36 30 29 64-65 47-48 31 - 29 28 63 45-46 30 35 28 27 61-62 42-44 - 34 27 26 59-60 39-41 29 32-33 26 25 56-68 37-38 28 31 25 24 53-55 34-36 26-27 29-30 24 23 50-52 32-33 25 26-28 23 22 47-49 31 23-24 24-25 22 21 44-46 29-30 22 22-23 21 20 41-43 27-28 20-21 20-21 20 19 39-40 25-26 19 18-19 19 18 37-38 22-24 18 17 18 17 35-36 19-21 16-17 15-16 17 16 32-34 16-18 15 14 16 15 29-31 13-15 14 13 15 14 26-28 10-12 12-13 -12 14 13 24-25 8-9 10 13 12 22-23 7 10 9 12 19-21 5-6 8-9 8 10 16-18 4 7 7 10 9 13-15 - 6 6 9 8 -12 3 5 5 8 7 9-10 - - 4 7 6 7-8 2 4 3 6 5 6 - 3 - 5 4 4-5 1 2 2 4 3 3 - - 1 3 2 2 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2018-19 Official ACT Score Chart 2017-2018 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71 57 38 38 34 33 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 29-31 -12 12-13 14 13 27-28 8-10 10 13 12 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 23-24 5-6 8 8 10 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2017-18 Official ACT Score Chart You can see here that raw ACT scores from different tests don't always convert into the same scale scores. As a result, there's no one-size-fits-all chart you can use to predict score conversions. ACTs are like shoes: one size doesn't fit all of them! That said, if you want to estimate a raw-score-to-scale-score conversion, you can use any available conversion chart from an official ACT practice test. While it won't be 100 percent accurate, it can give you a good understanding of where you need improvement. Another (better) option is to use the chart below. This chart shows how raw ACT scores generally translate into scale scores on any ACT. We calculated these raw scores (and score ranges) by taking the averages of the raw scores for each scale score on all six official ACT score charts. Once again, while this chart won't give you a perfectly accurate conversion (the most accurate ACT score chart will be the one for your specific test), it's as close as we can get to a "one-size-fits-all" ACT score conversion chart. Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 73-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71-72 57 37-38 - 34 33 70 55-56 36 37-38 33 32 69 54 - - 32 31 68 52-53 35 - 31 30 67 51 34 36 30 29 65-66 49-50 33 35 29 28 64 47-48 31-32 34 28 27 62-63 44-46 30 33 27 26 60-61 41-43 29 31-32 26 25 58-59 39-40 28 29-30 25 24 55-57 37-38 27 28 24 23 53-54 35-36 25-26 26-27 23 22 51-52 33-34 24 24-25 22 21 48-50 31-32 23 22-23 21 20 45-47 29-30 21-22 20-21 20 19 42-44 28.000 20 18-19 19 18 40-41 25-27 19 17 18 17 38-39 21-24 18 15-16 17 16 35-37 18-20 16-17 14 16 15 32-34 14-17 15 13 15 14 29-31 -13 13-14 -12 14 13 27-28 9-10 12 10 13 12 25-26 7-8 10- 9 12 24 6 8-9 8 10 20-23 5 7 7 10 9 18-19 4 6 6 9 8 15-17 3 5 5 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 - 3 6 5 8-9 - 3 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 As you can see, your raw ACT scores don't tell you much about how your scores compare with those of other test takers. Since each ACT differs in content and difficulty, you'll need your test's conversion chart in order to get accurate scale scores and be able to compare your scores with other students'. Scale scores, on the other hand, reflect how well you did in relation to other test takers who took any variation of the ACT. So if a test is relatively easy and more people did better on it than usual, higher raw scores will be needed to get certain scale scores. By contrast, if a test is especially difficult, slightly lower raw scores will net you those same scale scores. If you took the ACT with Writing, note that your ACT Writing score is not part of your composite score out of 36. While colleges generally look closest at your composite score, a high essay score can definitely raise your chances of admission, so be sure to do your best on it! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Tired of wasting time prepping in ways that don't work? We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. It's the best prep program available right now. Best of all, we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 4 points or more. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Improve Your ACT Score by 4+ Points, Guaranteed How to Calculate Your Scale ACT Score: 4 Easy Steps Now that you've seen how official ACT score charts work, how can you use them to estimate your own scale scores based on your raw scores from an ACT practice test? Follow the four simple steps below to get started. Step 1: Find the ACT Score Chart for Your Test If you've taken an official ACT practice test, your score chart will come near the end of the test PDF. For example, if you took the newest 2017-18 ACT test, you'll use the score chart that comes at the end of this test (pictured above). Don't use a chart from a different practice test. Each test is equated differently, so you'll get the most accurate scale score when you use the chart for your specific test. What if you took an unofficial ACT practice test, though? In this case, it's best to use the average ACT score chart given above. While this won't be 100 percent accurate, it'll give you the closest idea you can get as to how your raw scores will likely translate into scale scores. Step 2: Calculate Your Raw Score for Each Section Now that you've got a score chart, it's time to calculate your raw scores for each section. To do this, simply use your test's answer key to add up all the correct answers you got on each ACT section. For example, if you answered 60 out of 75 English questions correctly, your raw English score would be 60. I recommend writing down your raw scores on a piece of paper so you don't forget them. Step 3: Convert Your Raw Section Scores to Scale Scores Now, it's time to use your raw scores and score chart to find your ACT scale scores. Using a chart is simple: all you do is locate your raw score for each section and then look across to see which scale score it corresponds to. For example, if you took the 2017-18 practice test and got a raw English score of 60, your scale English score would come out to 26: Do this for every raw section score until you have four scale scores (each out of 36). Step 4: Figure Out Your Composite Scale Score Once you have your four scale scores (one each for English, Math, Reading, and Science), you can calculate your scale composite score, which uses a scale of 1-36 and is equivalent to the average of the four section (scale) scores. For example, let's say these were the scale scores I got on my practice ACT: English: 26 Math: 30 Reading: 28 Science: 27 To get a composite score, all I need to do is add up the four section scores and then divide their sum by four. In our example, this would look like this: 26 + 30 + 28 + 27 = 1. Now, I just need to divide this sum by 4: 1 / 4 = 27.75. If you get a decimal as I did, you'll need to round your score to the nearest whole number. Here, 27.75 would round up to give me a final composite ACT score of 28. Nearly every college and university in the United States accepts both SAT and ACT scores. However, for some of these schools, there is a significant difference between the level of SAT scores and the level of ACT scores of admitted students. What schools accept students with comparatively lower SAT scores, and what schools accept students with comparatively lower ACT scores? We've gathered our proprietary research on this topic and analysis of what these score differences mean for your testing and application strategies into a comprehensive guide. Final Words: The Importance of Raw and Scale ACT Scores There are two types of scores on the ACT: raw and scale scores. Raw scores are equal to the number of questions you answer correctly, whereas scale scores are final scaled versions of raw scores. How raw scores translate into scale scores can vary depending on the ACT or ACT practice test you take. ACT, Inc., uses this equating process so that the difficulty of different ACTs doesn't affect test takers' final scores. This process also allows scores to be compared across all test dates (in other words, a 30 will always represent the same skill level, regardless of when you take the ACT). To convert your raw ACT scores to scale scores, you'll need to find the score chart for your specific test. All official ACT practice tests have their own individual score charts (remember, these charts, and thus their raw-score-to-scale-score conversions, will differ with each test!). If you don't have a chart for your practice test, you can instead use the average conversions in our chart above. This won't give you perfect conversions, but they should be close enough to give you a rough idea of what your scale scores are. Calculating your scale scores is a super helpful tool for test prep- you'll not only see where you're currently scoring, but also how much you need to improve by in order to hit your ACT goal score! What’s Next? Got more questions about ACT scoring? Check out our articles on how the ACT is scored and ACT score percentiles to learn what the current trends are and how you can use this info to your advantage. Not sure what ACT score to aim for? Then definitely take a look at our in-depth guide to good and bad ACT scores to get tips on how to find your goal score. And if you're aiming for a perfect 36, read our expert guide written by a real full scorer! Need help interpreting your ACT results? We've got you covered! With our guide, you'll learn how to read your ACT score report as well as how to address your biggest content weaknesses. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score

ACT Score Chart Raw Score Conversion to Scaled Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an ACT practice test, you've probably wondered how the questions you answer on each test section translate to a final score out of 36 points. What is a raw ACT score? What about a scale score? How does one score affect the other? In this article, we explain what the equating process for the ACT is and give you info on how your raw scores translate to scale scores for each section of the test. What Is a Raw ACT Score? A Scale ACT Score? First off, what do we mean by "raw ACT scores" and "scale ACT scores"? Your raw score is the total number of questions you get right in a section. This goes for English, Math, Reading, and Science (Writing, however, is scored a bit differently). For example, if you got 70 out of 75 English questions right, your raw English score would be 70. By contrast, a scale score is the final score you get for each section, on a scale of 1-36. Specifically, it's a translation of your raw score via an equating process developed by ACT, Inc. If you've taken ACT practice tests, you probably noticed that your raw scores don't always translate into the same scale scores. Through this equating process, ACT, Inc., can account for differences and ultimately ensure that scores are consistent across test dates. This means, for example, that a 30 on the April ACT will represent the same level of skill as a 30 on the June ACT will. Confused? Let's use an example. Say you took the ACT in September and your friend took a different ACT in October. Both of you got 22 out of 40 questions right on the Reading section, but your friend scored a 21 scale Reading score while you only scored a 19. What gives? Remember that the same scale scores on different ACTs indicate the same ability. Thus, this 2-point difference doesn't mean that your friend simply lucked out- it means that your friend got a harder ACT Reading section than you did. In other words, because your Reading section was easier, you would've needed to score more raw points (i.e., get more questions right) on it to get the same scale score (21) as your friend. Raw ACT Score to Scale Score Conversion Chart As you know, equating an ACT raw score to a scale score allows for comparisons between various test versions and all test takers (regardless of what month or year you took the ACT). But how can you know exactly how a raw score will convert into a scale score? The short answer is, you can't. ACT, Inc., is pretty secretive about its equating process, so there's no way to know for sure how a raw score on one ACT will translate into a scale score. What's more, since every official ACT test is equated differently, each has its own raw-score-to-scale-score conversion chart. For example, here are the conversion charts for the 2018-19 and 2017-2018 official ACT practice tests (from the "Preparing for the ACT" PDF): 2018-2019 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 74-75 59-60 40 40 36 35 71-73 57-58 38-39 - 35 34 70 55-56 37 39 34 33 69 54 36 38 33 32 68 53 34-35 - 32 31 67 51-52 33 37 31 30 66 49-50 32 36 30 29 64-65 47-48 31 - 29 28 63 45-46 30 35 28 27 61-62 42-44 - 34 27 26 59-60 39-41 29 32-33 26 25 56-68 37-38 28 31 25 24 53-55 34-36 26-27 29-30 24 23 50-52 32-33 25 26-28 23 22 47-49 31 23-24 24-25 22 21 44-46 29-30 22 22-23 21 20 41-43 27-28 20-21 20-21 20 19 39-40 25-26 19 18-19 19 18 37-38 22-24 18 17 18 17 35-36 19-21 16-17 15-16 17 16 32-34 16-18 15 14 16 15 29-31 13-15 14 13 15 14 26-28 10-12 12-13 -12 14 13 24-25 8-9 10 13 12 22-23 7 10 9 12 19-21 5-6 8-9 8 10 16-18 4 7 7 10 9 13-15 - 6 6 9 8 -12 3 5 5 8 7 9-10 - - 4 7 6 7-8 2 4 3 6 5 6 - 3 - 5 4 4-5 1 2 2 4 3 3 - - 1 3 2 2 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2018-19 Official ACT Score Chart 2017-2018 Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71 57 38 38 34 33 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 29-31 -12 12-13 14 13 27-28 8-10 10 13 12 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 23-24 5-6 8 8 10 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 2017-18 Official ACT Score Chart You can see here that raw ACT scores from different tests don't always convert into the same scale scores. As a result, there's no one-size-fits-all chart you can use to predict score conversions. ACTs are like shoes: one size doesn't fit all of them! That said, if you want to estimate a raw-score-to-scale-score conversion, you can use any available conversion chart from an official ACT practice test. While it won't be 100 percent accurate, it can give you a good understanding of where you need improvement. Another (better) option is to use the chart below. This chart shows how raw ACT scores generally translate into scale scores on any ACT. We calculated these raw scores (and score ranges) by taking the averages of the raw scores for each scale score on all six official ACT score charts. Once again, while this chart won't give you a perfectly accurate conversion (the most accurate ACT score chart will be the one for your specific test), it's as close as we can get to a "one-size-fits-all" ACT score conversion chart. Scale Score English Math Reading Science Scale Score 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 73-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71-72 57 37-38 - 34 33 70 55-56 36 37-38 33 32 69 54 - - 32 31 68 52-53 35 - 31 30 67 51 34 36 30 29 65-66 49-50 33 35 29 28 64 47-48 31-32 34 28 27 62-63 44-46 30 33 27 26 60-61 41-43 29 31-32 26 25 58-59 39-40 28 29-30 25 24 55-57 37-38 27 28 24 23 53-54 35-36 25-26 26-27 23 22 51-52 33-34 24 24-25 22 21 48-50 31-32 23 22-23 21 20 45-47 29-30 21-22 20-21 20 19 42-44 28.000 20 18-19 19 18 40-41 25-27 19 17 18 17 38-39 21-24 18 15-16 17 16 35-37 18-20 16-17 14 16 15 32-34 14-17 15 13 15 14 29-31 -13 13-14 -12 14 13 27-28 9-10 12 10 13 12 25-26 7-8 10- 9 12 24 6 8-9 8 10 20-23 5 7 7 10 9 18-19 4 6 6 9 8 15-17 3 5 5 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10- 2 - 3 6 5 8-9 - 3 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 As you can see, your raw ACT scores don't tell you much about how your scores compare with those of other test takers. Since each ACT differs in content and difficulty, you'll need your test's conversion chart in order to get accurate scale scores and be able to compare your scores with other students'. Scale scores, on the other hand, reflect how well you did in relation to other test takers who took any variation of the ACT. So if a test is relatively easy and more people did better on it than usual, higher raw scores will be needed to get certain scale scores. By contrast, if a test is especially difficult, slightly lower raw scores will net you those same scale scores. If you took the ACT with Writing, note that your ACT Writing score is not part of your composite score out of 36. While colleges generally look closest at your composite score, a high essay score can definitely raise your chances of admission, so be sure to do your best on it! Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Tired of wasting time prepping in ways that don't work? We have the industry's leading ACT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and ACT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. It's the best prep program available right now. Best of all, we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 4 points or more. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Improve Your ACT Score by 4+ Points, Guaranteed How to Calculate Your Scale ACT Score: 4 Easy Steps Now that you've seen how official ACT score charts work, how can you use them to estimate your own scale scores based on your raw scores from an ACT practice test? Follow the four simple steps below to get started. Step 1: Find the ACT Score Chart for Your Test If you've taken an official ACT practice test, your score chart will come near the end of the test PDF. For example, if you took the newest 2017-18 ACT test, you'll use the score chart that comes at the end of this test (pictured above). Don't use a chart from a different practice test. Each test is equated differently, so you'll get the most accurate scale score when you use the chart for your specific test. What if you took an unofficial ACT practice test, though? In this case, it's best to use the average ACT score chart given above. While this won't be 100 percent accurate, it'll give you the closest idea you can get as to how your raw scores will likely translate into scale scores. Step 2: Calculate Your Raw Score for Each Section Now that you've got a score chart, it's time to calculate your raw scores for each section. To do this, simply use your test's answer key to add up all the correct answers you got on each ACT section. For example, if you answered 60 out of 75 English questions correctly, your raw English score would be 60. I recommend writing down your raw scores on a piece of paper so you don't forget them. Step 3: Convert Your Raw Section Scores to Scale Scores Now, it's time to use your raw scores and score chart to find your ACT scale scores. Using a chart is simple: all you do is locate your raw score for each section and then look across to see which scale score it corresponds to. For example, if you took the 2017-18 practice test and got a raw English score of 60, your scale English score would come out to 26: Do this for every raw section score until you have four scale scores (each out of 36). Step 4: Figure Out Your Composite Scale Score Once you have your four scale scores (one each for English, Math, Reading, and Science), you can calculate your scale composite score, which uses a scale of 1-36 and is equivalent to the average of the four section (scale) scores. For example, let's say these were the scale scores I got on my practice ACT: English: 26 Math: 30 Reading: 28 Science: 27 To get a composite score, all I need to do is add up the four section scores and then divide their sum by four. In our example, this would look like this: 26 + 30 + 28 + 27 = 1. Now, I just need to divide this sum by 4: 1 / 4 = 27.75. If you get a decimal as I did, you'll need to round your score to the nearest whole number. Here, 27.75 would round up to give me a final composite ACT score of 28. Nearly every college and university in the United States accepts both SAT and ACT scores. However, for some of these schools, there is a significant difference between the level of SAT scores and the level of ACT scores of admitted students. What schools accept students with comparatively lower SAT scores, and what schools accept students with comparatively lower ACT scores? We've gathered our proprietary research on this topic and analysis of what these score differences mean for your testing and application strategies into a comprehensive guide. Final Words: The Importance of Raw and Scale ACT Scores There are two types of scores on the ACT: raw and scale scores. Raw scores are equal to the number of questions you answer correctly, whereas scale scores are final scaled versions of raw scores. How raw scores translate into scale scores can vary depending on the ACT or ACT practice test you take. ACT, Inc., uses this equating process so that the difficulty of different ACTs doesn't affect test takers' final scores. This process also allows scores to be compared across all test dates (in other words, a 30 will always represent the same skill level, regardless of when you take the ACT). To convert your raw ACT scores to scale scores, you'll need to find the score chart for your specific test. All official ACT practice tests have their own individual score charts (remember, these charts, and thus their raw-score-to-scale-score conversions, will differ with each test!). If you don't have a chart for your practice test, you can instead use the average conversions in our chart above. This won't give you perfect conversions, but they should be close enough to give you a rough idea of what your scale scores are. Calculating your scale scores is a super helpful tool for test prep- you'll not only see where you're currently scoring, but also how much you need to improve by in order to hit your ACT goal score! What’s Next? Got more questions about ACT scoring? Check out our articles on how the ACT is scored and ACT score percentiles to learn what the current trends are and how you can use this info to your advantage. Not sure what ACT score to aim for? Then definitely take a look at our in-depth guide to good and bad ACT scores to get tips on how to find your goal score. And if you're aiming for a perfect 36, read our expert guide written by a real full scorer! Need help interpreting your ACT results? We've got you covered! With our guide, you'll learn how to read your ACT score report as well as how to address your biggest content weaknesses. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.