Culture as Social Legacy in Mirror for Man :: Mirror for Man Essays

In Clyde Kluckhohn's Mirror for Man, he explains the differences and similarities among the world's peoples by stating two important ideas: 1) People are similar because they have the same biological equipment and undergo similar life experiences "such as birth, helplessness, illness, old age, and death," but, 2) people are culturally different because of the way they were brought up and they may live in a different environment created by human beings, and acquire a distinct social legacy from their own people. Kluckhohn suggests that where a person lives is one of the factors that determines one's culture. In China, people have a strong dislike for milk and milk products. In the United States, a person drinks milk from the time of birth because American society has made a pattern for its people; Americans make milk a integral part of their meals because they are told it's the only way to remain healthy and develop strong bones and to avoid disease such as osteoporosis, a disease brought on by the lack of calcium (which is found in milk). Therefore, the Chinese may not understand why Americans drink milk so often, and Americans may wonder why the Chinese do not know the health benefits of milk. Kluckhohn implies that there are cultural misunderstandings between different sets of people because they are not aware that "each specific culture constitutes a kind of blueprint of all life's activities." I do support Kluckhohn's theory that culture is determined by a person's environment and their "design for living." I have been raised in Los Angeles and I have friends of varying ethnic backgrounds, languages, birth places, and cultures. My best friend came from Korea nine years ago and has assimilated to the ways of American behavior. Yet, I do not understand why Sandy remains stoic when she has a serious problem or why her parents never display public affection to her or to themselves. I asked my mother if Sandy's behavior was strange and she replied "no" because she said Sandy is from Korea where she was brought up in a different environment, where her culture taught her ethical and moral values that differ from values taught in the United States. I came to realize that although Sandy will remain in the United States for the rest of her life, she may never "give up" her Korean values or her Korean upbringing.

Computer Hacking

Criminology Hacking Exposed Jacqueline Hunt June 10, 2012 Week 9 Assignment 6 Computer hacking has become a more frequent crime in today’s society. Due to the fact that computers are widely used throughout the world and all information is right at your fingertips in a matter of seconds, hacking is an effortless crime, but it comes with a tremendous gain. Albert Gonzalez was fascinated by technology â€Å"computer nerd† but he took it all as an easy way for monetary gain. Gonzalez stole 170 million credit and debit card numbers and either used them or sold them to other cyber criminals.Gonzalez case is the biggest hacker case in history it all ended in him serving a two twenty year concurrent sentences. â€Å"His parents, who had immigrated to the United States from Cuba in the 1970s, bought him his first computer when he was 8. By the age of 9 he was reported to be actively removing computer viruses. Gonzalez, a Cuban-American, attended South Miami High School in Miami , Florida, where he was described as the â€Å"troubled† pack leader of computer nerds . In his senior year at the school he and friend used the library computer to hack into computer systems of the government of India where they left messages about their culture.Reportedly India had to cancel government checks as a result. Gonzalez was not charged and was warned to stay away from a computer for six months. In 2000 he moved to New York City where he lived for three months before moving to Kearny, New Jersey. †(Wikipedia, 2012) Gonzalez ran a scheme with a group of hackers called Shadow crew. They managed to traffic 1. 5 million stolen credit and debit card numbers while in New Jersey. The domain name Shadowcrew. cc was being investigated by The Secret Service â€Å"Operation Firewall† and it is believed that $4. million was stolen. The investigation involved countries like Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Ukraine, and the U. S. Gonzalez avoided jail time by providing evidence to the United States Secret Service against his associates. After 19 of Shadow crew hackers were indicted he then returned back home to Miami. As a Secret Service informant he earned 75, 000 a year and he continued his hacking business right under their noses. He used SQL injections and malware backdoors as tools to his biggest heist.He called the scheme Operation: Get Rich or Die Tryin’, which is a famous movie about the life of rapper 50 cent, he breached systems like Citibank, 7-Eleven, Hannaford Brothers, J. C. Penny, Target, T J Maxx, Dave & Busters and stole credit card data and resold it to international cyber criminals. His goal was to earn up to 15 million dollars, buy a yacht, and then retire. Those plans were foiled by the investigation which leads to end of his schemes. The debit from the crimes totaled a staggering 4. 1 million dollars. This type of hacker is known as the Addict. In the trial he was sentenced to two twenty year concurrent sentences, ordered to pay a 25,000 dollar fine, and he was ordered restitution. He claims his motive for the crimes he committed, was that he possessed technical curiosity and he had an obsession with conquering computer networks. He also stated that his work for the secret service was to seek out cyber criminals, which he used to his advantage to make his plan work. †(Zetter, 2010) I feel that Gonzalez is an addict hacker because he committed the crime more than once.Gonzalez was even in a situation where he worked for the people who put criminals away and he still could not stop his criminal acts. The sentence he is now serving is just. This crime could have been deterred by the idea that a criminal should not get a second chance. If he was serving time for his first crime the operation: Get Rich or Die Tryin’ would have never came about because he would not have had the access to international cyber criminals. The government should have more strict p olicies on who is used for informants and the hiring process.Gonzalez proved to be a very skillful and intelligent hacker. References Guadin, Sharon Computerworld. com. Government Informant is called kingpin. 18 August 2009 Wikipedia. com. Albert Gonzalez. 4 June 2012 Zetter, Sharon Wired. com. Tjx hacker charged with Heartland. 25 March 2010 < http://www. wired. com/threatlevel/2009/08/tjx-hacker-charged-with-heartland/> Computer Hacking Criminology Hacking Exposed Jacqueline Hunt June 10, 2012 Week 9 Assignment 6 Computer hacking has become a more frequent crime in today’s society. Due to the fact that computers are widely used throughout the world and all information is right at your fingertips in a matter of seconds, hacking is an effortless crime, but it comes with a tremendous gain. Albert Gonzalez was fascinated by technology â€Å"computer nerd† but he took it all as an easy way for monetary gain. Gonzalez stole 170 million credit and debit card numbers and either used them or sold them to other cyber criminals.Gonzalez case is the biggest hacker case in history it all ended in him serving a two twenty year concurrent sentences. â€Å"His parents, who had immigrated to the United States from Cuba in the 1970s, bought him his first computer when he was 8. By the age of 9 he was reported to be actively removing computer viruses. Gonzalez, a Cuban-American, attended South Miami High School in Miami , Florida, where he was described as the â€Å"troubled† pack leader of computer nerds . In his senior year at the school he and friend used the library computer to hack into computer systems of the government of India where they left messages about their culture.Reportedly India had to cancel government checks as a result. Gonzalez was not charged and was warned to stay away from a computer for six months. In 2000 he moved to New York City where he lived for three months before moving to Kearny, New Jersey. †(Wikipedia, 2012) Gonzalez ran a scheme with a group of hackers called Shadow crew. They managed to traffic 1. 5 million stolen credit and debit card numbers while in New Jersey. The domain name Shadowcrew. cc was being investigated by The Secret Service â€Å"Operation Firewall† and it is believed that $4. million was stolen. The investigation involved countries like Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Poland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Ukraine, and the U. S. Gonzalez avoided jail time by providing evidence to the United States Secret Service against his associates. After 19 of Shadow crew hackers were indicted he then returned back home to Miami. As a Secret Service informant he earned 75, 000 a year and he continued his hacking business right under their noses. He used SQL injections and malware backdoors as tools to his biggest heist.He called the scheme Operation: Get Rich or Die Tryin’, which is a famous movie about the life of rapper 50 cent, he breached systems like Citibank, 7-Eleven, Hannaford Brothers, J. C. Penny, Target, T J Maxx, Dave & Busters and stole credit card data and resold it to international cyber criminals. His goal was to earn up to 15 million dollars, buy a yacht, and then retire. Those plans were foiled by the investigation which leads to end of his schemes. The debit from the crimes totaled a staggering 4. 1 million dollars. This type of hacker is known as the Addict. In the trial he was sentenced to two twenty year concurrent sentences, ordered to pay a 25,000 dollar fine, and he was ordered restitution. He claims his motive for the crimes he committed, was that he possessed technical curiosity and he had an obsession with conquering computer networks. He also stated that his work for the secret service was to seek out cyber criminals, which he used to his advantage to make his plan work. †(Zetter, 2010) I feel that Gonzalez is an addict hacker because he committed the crime more than once.Gonzalez was even in a situation where he worked for the people who put criminals away and he still could not stop his criminal acts. The sentence he is now serving is just. This crime could have been deterred by the idea that a criminal should not get a second chance. If he was serving time for his first crime the operation: Get Rich or Die Tryin’ would have never came about because he would not have had the access to international cyber criminals. The government should have more strict p olicies on who is used for informants and the hiring process.Gonzalez proved to be a very skillful and intelligent hacker. References Guadin, Sharon Computerworld. com. Government Informant is called kingpin. 18 August 2009 Wikipedia. com. Albert Gonzalez. 4 June 2012 Zetter, Sharon Wired. com. Tjx hacker charged with Heartland. 25 March 2010 < http://www. wired. com/threatlevel/2009/08/tjx-hacker-charged-with-heartland/>

The Literary Representation Of History - 1982 Words

‘Le drame de l’Afrique, c’est que l’homme africain n’est pas assez entrà © dans l’histoire.’ (SARKOZY). Discuss the literary representation of history in relation to this controversial statement. Considered as ‘la parole officielle franà §aise la plus raciste depuis longtemps’, Nicholas Sarkozy’s 2007 speech in Dakar elicited widespread disapproval (Heams, 2007). In highlighting a binary opposition between France and Africa; the progressive and the stagnant, Sarkozy reinforced a euro-centric idea of progress whilst criticising the inadequate insertion of ‘l’homme africain’ into history (Sarkozy, 2007). In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Europeans similarly believed that Africa lacked a collective historical consciousness†¦show more content†¦Whilst the main body of the text serves to represent the history of the Baoulà © people and their leader, Queen Pokou; in constantly questioning and subverting the narrative, Tadjo constructs alternative endings to the well-known legend of the Ivory Coast (Ligaga, 2011: 488). One chapter that best exemplifies the dual meaning of ‘histoire’ is ‘La Trav ersà ©e de l’Atlantique’, where Tadjo rewrites the original legend in the context of the transatlantic slave trade. Here, the use of language is emotive, enabling Tadjo to stress the cruelty of the trade. For example, the use of metonymy when describing the captives on their passage is unsettling (Cazenave and Cà ©là ©rità ©, 2011: 75-76). ‘Corps contre corps, ballottà ©s par les vagues’ (Tadjo, 2005: 58). This dehumanises the slaves and parallels their worth with that of commodities, as subalterns, ‘corps’. Similarly, the repetition of ‘corps’, elicits a disturbing image of slaves, both alive and dead, in close proximity in the hold. In grounding this version of the narrative in fact, Tadjo intensifies the emotional impact on the reader. We thus sympathise with the victims on both a factual and fictional level. The use of three successive nouns, ‘ils avaient perdu leur visage, leur nom, leur lendemains’, enables Tadjo to further illustrate the process of dehumanisation during the journey across the Atlantic (Tadjo, 2005: 59). They